Quantum computation (QC) holds out tremendous promise for efficiently solving some of the most difficult problems in computational science, such as integer factorization, discrete logarithms, and quantum modeling that are intractable on any present or future conventional computer. In addition, quantum cryptography(QKD) is considered the most powerful data encryption scheme ever developed and its codes are, by all indications, virtually unbreakable. At LANL, we are currently developing new concepts for QKD and QC implementations, advancing our theoretical and experimental understanding of the physics requirements for quantum information processing.